欧洲能源战略：本土煤炭的重要性和最佳利用An Energy Strategy for Europe: Importance and Best Use of Indigenous Coal

欧盟委员会在其第二次战略能源审查（SER II）中正确地将重点放在了供应安全上，并提到了煤炭的积极作用。这得到了2009年欧洲春季峰会的支持。委员会强调，服务审查中提到的主要问题应以具体行动计划和政治措施为基础。尤拉科尔认为，最好地利用本地煤炭资源就是其中之一。在欧盟27国，硬煤和褐煤在一次能源消耗中占18%，在发电量中占29%。在一些会员国，这些份额要高得多。此外，硬煤还用于钢铁生产。无论是硬煤还是褐煤，以及选煤和改质产品，都广泛应用于重要的工业部门。欧洲仍然是世界第三大煤炭消费地区。平均而言，上述份额仍有一半以上由本土生产所覆盖，其余份额可从地缘政治稳定的国家进入世界市场。在这方面，煤炭行业与石油和天然气行业有很大不同，石油和天然气行业都严重依赖进口（预计2010年石油和天然气分别为86%和64%），由此带来价格和供应风险。煤炭工业的稳定性质有助于欧盟能源供应的安全。在未来，包括煤炭在内的平衡能源结构仍将是最大限度地降低能源供应安全风险的正确途径，特别是电力供应中断。欧洲约80%的化石燃料储备是硬煤和褐煤。这些储备在大多数欧盟成员国都有。通过勘探和开采国内煤炭，硬煤和褐煤产业不仅为欧盟的能源供应做出了贡献，也为许多欧洲国家创造了地区财富和就业机会。

In its Second Strategic Energy Review (SER II) the  European Commission rightly focussed on security  of supply and mentioned the positive role of coal.  This was backed by the European Spring 2009  summit. The Commission emphasised that the major  issues mentioned in the SER should be underpinned  by specific Action Plans and political measures. In  EURACOAL’s opinion, the best use of indigenous coal  resources is one of these issues. Hard coal and lignite have an 18 % share of Primary  Energy Consumption and a 29 % share of Power  Generation in EU 27. In some Member States, these  shares are considerably higher. In addition, hard coal is  used for steel production. Both hard coal and lignite as  well as products from coal preparation and upgrading  are widely used in important industry sectors. Europe is still the 3rd largest coal consuming region  in the world. On average still more than half of the  above-mentioned shares are covered by indigenous production, the rest is available on world markets from  geopolitically stable countries. Here, the coal sector  differs considerably from the oil and gas sectors, which  both rely heavily on imports (86 % for oil and 64 %  for gas respectively expected for 2010), with resulting  price and supply risks. The stable nature of the coal industry contributes  to security of energy supply in the European Union.  In the future, a balanced energy mix including coal  will remain the right approach to minimise security of  energy supply risk, particularly electricity blackouts.  About 80 % of Europe’s fossil fuel reserves are hard  coal and lignite. These reserves can be found in most of  the EU Member States. By prospecting and extracting  domestic coal, the hard coal and lignite industries  not only contribute to the EU’s energy supply, but  also create regional wealth and employment in many  European countries.