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气候政策时代动力煤出口国的前景:以哥伦比亚为例Prospects for steam coal exporters in the era of climate policies: a case stu 气候政策时代动力煤出口国的前景:以哥伦比亚为例Prospects for steam coal exporters in the era of climate policies: a case stu

气候政策时代动力煤出口国的前景:以哥伦比亚为例Prospects for steam coal exporters in the era of climate policies: a case stu

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  • 更新时间:2021-09-16
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全球在气候变化问题上的持续行动对化石燃料市场产生了重大影响,特别是对煤炭这一碳最密集的燃料而言。本文总结了最重要的煤炭生产国和消费国目前的市场发展情况,从而对未来煤炭出口的前景进行了重要的定性评估。哥伦比亚作为世界第四大出口国,深受这些全球趋势的影响,其90%以上的产品出口。市场分析发现,哥伦比亚由于其低生产成本和高煤质,处于强大的竞争地位。然而,市场趋势和强化的气候政策表明,未来出口前景黯淡。大西洋和太平洋市场竞争的加剧将使煤炭价格保持低位,并继续对矿业公司施加压力。越来越多的申请破产和裁员可能只是碳泡沫的开始,使化石燃料投资贬值,让它们陷入困境。哥伦比亚主要供应欧洲和地中海地区的消费者,但也向美国海湾沿岸、中美洲和南美洲运送了一些货物。未来几十年,这些国家的煤炭需求将继续下降。新兴经济体(印度、中国)新建的发电厂不太可能弥补由于国内供应增加和需求减少造成的经济下滑。因此,应考虑到新的经济现实和当地的外部性,重新评估哥伦比亚保持甚至增加采矿量的情况。忽视这些风险可能导致更多的投资搁浅,加剧当地的资源诅咒,阻碍可持续经济发展。

Continued global action on climate change has major consequences for fossil fuel markets, especially for coal as the most carbon-intensive fuel. This article summarizes current market developments in the most important coal-producing and coal-consuming countries, resulting in a critical qualitative assessment of prospects for future coal exports. Colombia, as the world’s fourth largest exporter, is strongly affected by these global trends, with more than 90% of its production being exported. Market analysis finds Colombia in a strong competitive position, owing to its low production costs and high coal quality. Nevertheless, market trends and enhanced climate policies suggest a gloomy outlook for future exports. Increasing competition on the Atlantic as well as Pacific market will keep coal prices low and continue pressure on mining companies. Increasing numbers of filed bankruptcies and lay-offs might be just the beginning of a carbon bubble devaluing fossil fuel investments and leaving them stranded. Colombia largely supplies European and Mediterranean consumers but also delivers some quantities to the US Gulf Coast, and to Central and South America. Future coal demand in most of these countries will continue to decline in the next decades. Newly constructed power plants in emerging economies (India, China) are unlikely to compensate for this downturn owing to increasing domestic supply and decreasing demand. Therefore, maintaining or even increasing mining volumes in Colombia should be re-evaluated, taking into account new economic realities as well as local externalities. Ignoring these risks could lead to additional stranded investments, aggravating the local resource curse and hampering sustainable economic development.

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