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中国GSI报告中的燃煤发电补贴Subsidies to Coal Power Generation in China GSI REPORT 中国GSI报告中的燃煤发电补贴Subsidies to Coal Power Generation in China GSI REPORT

中国GSI报告中的燃煤发电补贴Subsidies to Coal Power Generation in China GSI REPORT

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  • 更新时间:2021-09-16
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本报告旨在评估中国政府在补贴方面运营和投资燃煤发电机组的成本,燃煤发电机组是中国主要的电力来源。我们发现,2014年和2015年,燃煤发电补贴金额分别至少为2520亿元人民币(377亿美元)和1200亿元人民币(180亿美元)。尽管由于方法上的差异,直接的比较很复杂,但中国政府对燃煤发电的支持,包括该行业的所谓“僵尸公司”,似乎是提供给可再生能源的补贴水平的大约两倍:按每年450亿至1030亿(67亿美元至154亿美元)的顺序。 尽管政府对中国燃煤发电的支持是相当大的,但根据20国集团“逐步取消低效化石燃料补贴”的承诺(20国集团,2009年),它没有被选为中国在2016年与美国(20国集团,2016年)共同接受并公布的化石燃料补贴自愿同行审查的一部分。除了对煤炭发电商的补贴外,国际可持续发展研究所(IISD)全球补贴倡议(GSI)此前还发表了一份研究报告,对主要在采掘业的供应方活动的补贴进行了审查(Denjean、Gerasimchuk、Bossong和Pickard,2015;Xue、Wang、Bridle、Gerasimchuk和Attwood,2015)。 图ES1将本报告中的新补贴估算与中国其他能源补贴估算(包括20国集团同行评议)相比较。鉴于对燃煤发电的补贴规模之大,很明显,这些补贴应该成为政策制定者和利益相关者关注的焦点,以便向低碳经济和自由流速度改革过渡。 本报告适用世界贸易组织在《补贴和反补贴措施协定》中对补贴的定义。这一补贴定义的范围与经济合作与发展组织使用的范围相同,不包括气候影响和污染方面的环境成本。

This report seeks to assess the cost to the Chinese government, in terms of subsidies, of operating and investing in coal-fired electricity generators, the predominant source of electricity in China. We find that the value of the subsidies to coal-fired generation was at least CNY 252 billion (USD 37.7 billion) in 2014 and CNY 120 billion (USD 18 billion) in 2015. Though straightforward comparisons are complicated due to differences in methodologies, China’s government support of coal-fired generation, including the so-called “zombie companies” in the sector, appears to be about approximately double the level of subsidies provided to renewables: in the order of CNY 45 billion to 103 billion (USD 6.7 billion to 15.4 billion) per year. Even though government support to coal-fired generation in China is sizable, it was not selected as part of the voluntary peer review of fossil fuel subsidies (FSS) that China underwent and published in 2016, jointly with the United States (G20, 2016) under the G20 commitment to “phase out inefficient fossil fuel subsidies” (G20, 2009). Beyond subsidies to coal generators, the International Institute of Sustainable Development (IISD) Global Subsidies Initiative (GSI) has previously published research examining subsidies to supply-side activities, mainly in the extractive sector (Denjean, Gerasimchuk, Bossong, & Pickard, 2015; Xue, Wang, Bridle, Gerasimchuk, & Attwood, 2015). Figure ES1 contextualizes the new estimates of subsidies from this report compared to other energy subsidy estimates in China, including in the G20 peer review. Given the sheer scale of subsidies to coal-fired generation, it is clear that they should be made the focal point of policy-makers and stakeholders interested in transition to a low-carbon economy and FFS reform. This report applies the definition of subsidies provided by the World Trade Organization in the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures. The scope of this subsidy definition is the same as used by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and does not include environmental costs in terms of climate impacts and pollution.

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