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煤炭逐步淘汰的故事：中国的经验教训Stories of Coal Phase-Out: Lessons learned for China 煤炭逐步淘汰的故事：中国的经验教训Stories of Coal Phase-Out: Lessons learned for China

煤炭逐步淘汰的故事：中国的经验教训Stories of Coal Phase-Out: Lessons learned for China

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2016年9月4日至5日在杭州举行的20国集团（G20）峰会是继2015年12月巴黎协议（Paris Agreement）之后的首次峰会，该协议设定了新的雄心勃勃的气候目标。应对气候变化挑战需要各国政策的重大转变。虽然每个国家的情况都是独特的，但20国集团（G20）和联合国气候变化框架公约（UNFCCC）等国际论坛在国家领导人、部长和工作层面的会议为交流经验和教训提供了平台。 中国一直在G20进程和国际气候谈判中发挥着积极的作用，对向其他国家学习以支持自己的能源转型有着浓厚的兴趣。中国向巴黎进程提交的预期国家决定贡献（INDC）详述了气候行动计划，该计划支持在2030年左右达到排放峰值，并包括减少煤炭消费总量。2016年3月公布的“十三五”规划，包括对煤炭发电量设定上限的计划，以及可再生能源、能源效率和碳强度的目标。中国能源转型的挑战在于在国家和省级层面实现这些雄心勃勃的目标。 这份简报总结了几个国家在中国特别感兴趣的领域实施能源政策转变的经验：从煤炭向清洁燃料的转变和低碳经济。利用国际可持续发展研究所（IISD）的“机会之窗”框架（Harris、Beck和Gerasimchuk，2015年），这些案例研究是根据成功的四个关键要素：背景、冠军、关注和补充政策进行分析的。在简报的第二部分，我们将同样的框架应用于中国在北京周边逐步淘汰煤炭的经验。简报旨在协助决策者、专家团体、媒体和所有其他对各国可以交流和受益于国际经验的经验教训感兴趣的人，包括在20国集团和《气候公约》进程内。

The G20 Summit in Hangzhou on September 4–5, 2016, was first one to follow the December 2015 Paris Agreement that set new ambitious climate goals. Meeting the climate change challenge requires a significant shift in countries’ policies. While each country’s situation is unique, international forums such as G20 and United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) meetings at the country leader, minister and working levels offer a platform to exchange experiences and lessons learned. China has been playing a proactive role in both the G20 process and international climate negotiations with a keen interest in learning from other countries in order to support its own energy transition. The Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) that China submitted to the Paris process details the climate action plan, which supports an emissions peak around 2030 and includes reduction of the total coal consumption. The 13th Five-Year Plan, published in March 2016, includes plans for a cap on coal-based generation, as well as targets for renewable energy, energy efficiency and carbon intensity. China’s energy shift challenge lies now in implementing these ambitious goals at both the national and provincial levels. This briefing note offers a summary of several countries’ experiences implementing energy policy shifts in an area of particular interest to China: the transition away from coal to cleaner fuels and a low-carbon economy. Using the International Institute of Sustainable Development’s (IISD’s) “window of opportunity” framework (Harris, Beck, & Gerasimchuk, 2015), these case studies are analyzed in terms of the four critical elements of success: context, champions, concerns and complementary policies. In the second part of the briefing note, we apply the same framework to China’s own experiences in phasing out coal around Beijing. The briefing note aims to assist policy-makers, the expert community, media and all others interested in the lessons learned that countries can exchange and benefit from international experience, including within the G20 and UNFCCC processes.

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