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煤炭的终结：阿尔伯塔省的煤炭逐步淘汰The End of Coal: Alberta’s coal phase-out

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更新时间：2021-09-16
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2015年11月，艾伯塔省的新民主党（NDP）在赢得意外选举仅仅六个月后，就致力于北美迄今最雄心勃勃的气候计划。该计划的核心部分是到2030年逐步淘汰煤电，并制定一个经济范围内的碳价格。艾伯塔省逐步淘汰煤电将涉及到艾伯塔省2016年超过40%的装机容量的退役，以及事实上逐步淘汰当地的热煤矿。作为一个拥有私有煤电厂、没有明显烟雾和公众对能源行业的大力支持的司法管辖区，艾伯塔省在设计有效的煤炭逐步淘汰方面面临许多挑战。在气候领导计划之后的两年里，NDP宣布了一项CAD 11亿的支付给煤电公司锁定煤炭出口，一个新的电力市场设计以取代电力和CAD 4500万来规划煤工和社区。1，公众意见仍然分裂，艾伯塔省的解决方案得到了有组织劳工、电力公司、公共卫生倡导者、环境非政府组织和联邦政府的支持。省级选举中的政治变化、新的利益相关者的崛起、联邦政府和省级政府之间的忠诚、以及成为内陆能源经济的压力，都对阿尔伯塔的煤炭出口奠定了基础。本文探讨了导致逐步淘汰的情况以及受影响的参与者所采取的行动，这些参与者可以从阿尔伯塔省得到启发和教训：决策者、活动家、环境组织、煤炭工业和其他向低碳经济转型的人。为了分析关键因素和利益相关者的立场，本案例研究使用了国际可持续发展研究所创建的“四C”能源改革框架：背景、支持者和反对者、改革案例和补充政策。

In November 2015, just six months after winning a surprise election, the New Democratic Party (NDP) in Alberta committed to the most ambitious climate plan in North America to date. The capstone components of the plan were a phase-out of coal power by 2030 and an economy-wide carbon price. The phase-out of coal power in Alberta will involve the retirement of over 40 per cent of Alberta’s 2016 installed capacity and the de facto phase-out of local thermal coal mines. As a jurisdiction with privately owned coal plants, no noticeable smog and strong public support for the energy industry, Alberta had many challenges to overcome in designing an effective coal phase-out. In the two years that followed the Climate Leadership Plan, the NDP announced a CAD 1.1 billion payout to coal power companies to lock in their coal exit, a new electricity market design to bring in replacement power and CAD 45 million in programming to transition coal workers and communities.1 While public opinion is still divided, Alberta’s solution gained the support of organized labour, power companies, public health advocates, environmental non-governmental organizations (ENGOs) and the federal government. Political change in the provincial election, the rise of new stakeholders, allegiances between federal and provincial governments, and the pressures of being a land-locked energy economy were all critical in setting the stage for Alberta’s coal exit. This paper explores the circumstances leading to the phase-out and the actions taken by affected players for those who may draw inspiration and lessons from Alberta: policy-makers, campaigners, environmental groups, the coal industry and others transitioning to a low-carbon economy. To analyze critical factors and the positions of stakeholders, this case study uses the “four C” energy reform framework created by the International Institute of Sustainable Development: context, champions and opponents, case for reform and complementary policies.

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煤炭的终结：阿尔伯塔省的煤炭逐步淘汰The End of Coal: Alberta’s coal phase-out

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