首页 > 资料下载 > 提高纽约三州地区燃料紧急情况下的区域态势感知:超级风暴桑迪的经验教训IMPROVING REGIONAL SITUATIONAL AWARENESS DURING FUEL EMERGENCIES I
提高纽约三州地区燃料紧急情况下的区域态势感知:超级风暴桑迪的经验教训IMPROVING REGIONAL SITUATIONAL AWARENESS DURING FUEL EMERGENCIES I 提高纽约三州地区燃料紧急情况下的区域态势感知:超级风暴桑迪的经验教训IMPROVING REGIONAL SITUATIONAL AWARENESS DURING FUEL EMERGENCIES I

提高纽约三州地区燃料紧急情况下的区域态势感知:超级风暴桑迪的经验教训IMPROVING REGIONAL SITUATIONAL AWARENESS DURING FUEL EMERGENCIES I

  • 资料类别:
  • 资料大小:
  • 资料编号:
  • 资料状态:
  • 更新时间:2021-09-17
  • 下载次数:
资料简介

委内瑞拉已经成为石油市场的供应风险,这不仅是因为它面临着多重经营挑战,从严重的电力危机到石油出口码头和炼油厂的故障,更重要的是因为今年已经遭受的石油产量急剧下降的螺旋形影响。值得注意的是,根据欧佩克(OPEC)的月度石油市场报告(MOMR),政府承认5月份原油产量环比下降12万桶/日,同比下降11%。截至6月,委内瑞拉今年迄今已下降近23万桶/日,而且还在继续下降。显然,委内瑞拉是油价下跌引发的全球石油供应向下调整的核心。 由于该国经济崩溃对国内需求造成的巨大损失,石油生产的损失尚未转化为石油出口的相应下降。但上半年出口的稳定掩盖了一个不断恶化的趋势,6月份的出口已经比去年平均水平低30多万桶/日。尽管所有关于委内瑞拉的头条新闻都在喧嚣,但对石油市场来说,最严重的风险仍然摆在前面。 油价暴跌给国家石油公司PDVSA的财务带来的压力是石油生产挑战的核心。到目前为止,政府在分配可用的美元流动性时优先考虑偿还债券债务,因为担心如果不这样做,可能对公司的生产和出口造成比以往更严重的影响。即便如此,PDVSA美元流动性的压力仍在削弱。 PDVSA的现金流状况非常严峻,即使大幅削减对政府的美元转移,也无法阻止它拖欠主要石油服务提供商的款项。该公司还为急需进口的轻质原油支付了一些费用,轻质原油曾与超重质原油混在一起,而超重质原油在产量中所占份额不断增加。在常规原油产量不断下降的情况下,加拉加斯对其庞大的重油储备押注倍增。然而,由于升级能力不足,销售这种原油需要与进口轻质油或稀释剂混合,这将提高生产成本。PDVSA无法确保轻质油进口可能危及出口。 最后,PDVSA和石油工业不存在于真空中,它们深受该国前所未有的经济、社会和政治危机的影响。如果目前的危机得不到政治解决,委内瑞拉将成为2017年石油市场日益增长的供应风险。另一方面,一项政治决议,导致应对当前融资和经济危机的经济政策发生重大变化,可以大大改善该国的中期生产前景。

Venezuela has become a supply risk for oil markets, not only because of the multiple operational challenges facing it, from a crippling electricity crisis to malfunction at its oil export terminals and refineries, but most importantly because of the spiraling impact of the steep oil production declines already suffered this year. Noteworthy was the government’s admission of a plunge in May in crude production of 120,000 b/d month-on-month, or 11 percent year-on-year, according to OPEC’s Monthly Oil Market Report (MOMR). As of June, Venezuela had seen a year-to-date decline of almost 230,000 b/d, and counting. Clearly Venezuela is at the core of the downward adjustment in global oil supply triggered by the oil price drop. Losses in oil production have yet to translate into a commensurate fall in oil exports, due to the heavy toll taken by the country’s economic collapse on domestic demand. But the stability of exports in the first half of the year mask a deteriorating trend with June exports already more than 300,000 b/d lower than last year’s average. Despite all the headline noise about Venezuela, the most severe risks to oil markets thus still lie ahead. The stress brought about by the oil price crash on the national oil company PDVSA’s finances lie at the heart of the oil production challenge. So far the government has prioritized bond debt service payments in its allocation of available dollar liquidity, out of concern that failure to do so could have an even more crippling impact on the company’s production and exports than already experienced. Even so, the strain on PDVSA’s dollar liquidity situation is crippling. The cash-flow situation of PDVSA is so critical that even a steep cut in its dollar transfers to the government could not keep it from falling into arrears with key oil service providers. The company has also had some trouble paying for its critically needed imports of light crude oil, used to blend with the ultra-heavy grades that make up a growing share of production. Amid worsening declines in conventional crude output, Caracas has doubled down on its bet on its massive reserves of heavy oil. Due to insufficient upgrading capacity, however, marketing this crude requires blending with imported light oil or diluents, which will raise production costs. PDVSA’s inability to secure light oil imports could jeopardize exports. Finally, PDVSA and the oil industry do not exist in a vacuum; they are deeply affected by the country’s unprecedented economic, social, and political crisis. Absent a political resolution to the current crisis, Venezuela will represent a growing supply risk for oil markets in 2017. On the other hand, a political resolution, leading to a dramatic change in economic policies that address the current financing and economic crisis, could significantly improve the country’s medium-term production outlook.

资料截图
版权:如无特殊注明,文章转载自网络,侵权请联系cnmhg168#163.com删除!文件均为网友上传,仅供研究和学习使用,务必24小时内删除。