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美国能源外交U.S. ENERGY DIPLOMACY 美国能源外交U.S. ENERGY DIPLOMACY

美国能源外交U.S. ENERGY DIPLOMACY

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  • 更新时间:2021-09-19
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石油和天然气的繁荣使美国的能源格局发生了翻天覆地的变化,在全球范围内产生了连锁反应。这一转变引发了关于华盛顿如何利用这些新发现的财富在国际上取得优势的讨论。这一领域的新兴文献似乎一致认为,生产大量碳氢化合物的国家可以获得重大利益,但往往忽略了一个明确界定的分析起点,例如关于公共和私人行为者之间的分工。 奥巴马政府是第一个将这一“工具”放在外交工具箱中的政府,并就如何利用美国资源帮助欧洲等盟国提出了反复的要求。向特朗普政府的过渡带来了许多政策变化,包括外交方面的变化,不过“释放”美国资源到世界的口号表明,在没有外交基调的情况下,美国的政策是连续的,而不是改变的。 本文回顾了美国能源外交的历史,以及美国石油和天然气繁荣对能源外交的影响。然后,本文探讨了美国能源外交的局限性,并提供了一个案例分析,以说明美国能源外交在哪些方面有所欠缺,以及在哪些方面取得了成功。简而言之,本文发现:

The oil and gas boom has turned the US energy landscape upside down, with ripple effects around the world. This transformation has given rise to discussions of how Washington can leverage these newly found riches to its advantage internationally. The emerging literature in this field seems to agree that major benefits accrue to those nations that produce massive amounts of hydrocarbons but too often misses a clearly defined starting point for analysis, for instance regarding the division of labor between public and private actors. The Obama administration was the first to have this “tool” in its diplomatic toolbox and made repetitive claims about how American resources were going to be used to help allies in, for instance, Europe. The transition to the Trump administration brought with it numerous policy changes, including on the diplomatic front, though the mantra to “unleash” US resources into the world has suggested continuity, rather than change, absent the tone of diplomacy. This paper examines the history of US energy diplomacy and how it has been altered by the US oil and gas boom. It then explores the limitations of US energy diplomacy and provides a case study to illustrate areas where it has come up short and areas where it has found success. In short, the paper finds the following:

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