2014年中国风电发展展望2014 China Wind Power Review and Outlook

Proinfa plan: in 2002, the Brazilian government adopted the "proinfa" plan, which aims to diversify the power structure and promote the development of Brazil's wind power industry by increasing the use of new alternative energy. The plan is divided into two phases, including small hydropower plants, biomass power generation and wind power generation, and is divided into two consecutive phases. Decree No. 10.438, adopted on 26 April 2002, sets targets and timetables for the proinfa plan, the mechanism for allocating projects and the price of electricity sold. The total installed power generation capacity allocated in the first stage is 3300mw, which is distributed in wind power generation, biomass power generation and small hydropower plants, of which 1429 MW is wind power generation. This quota must be implemented by December 30, 2008, and includes provisions to confirm the fixed tariff and access of all power to the grid within 20 years. 3300mw of installed capacity is distributed equally among wind power, small hydropower and biomass power generation. The first phase of the plan is based on a 20-year guaranteed power purchase agreement signed by the Brazilian central electric power company. The power purchase price is set by the government, which is 50%, 70% and 90% of the average social retail price in the last 12 months (for small hydropower stations, biomass power generation and wind power respectively). The plan is participated by an independent power producer, and the power equipment and services of the first phase are set At least 60% of them are nationalized. The target set in the second phase is for new renewable energy to provide 10% of the country's annual electricity consumption within 20 years. After achieving the objectives of the first phase, the implementation of the second phase begins. The electricity price of the second stage will be the same as the competitive energy generation price in the electricity market, which is defined as the weighted average cost of power generation for new hydropower stations and natural gas power stations with generating capacity greater than 30MW. This stage is also based on the 20-year power purchase agreement signed by the Brazilian Central power company, which increases the output of new renewable energy to the consumer market by at least 15% every year through the procurement plan of each manufacturer. Evaluation of the proinfa program: during the implementation of the first phase, some practical problems damaged the development of some projects, thus delaying the start of actions. These problems include: complex requirements and bureaucratic procedures for obtaining or updating environmental permits; problems and delays in the utility declaration (DUP) of various projects. DUP can help to obtain the right to use the assets and the right to influence the project during the negotiation process, especially the right to use the land. In many cases, land is subject to complex terms of use and occupation. Disputes between owners and landowners make it very difficult to determine property. Grid connection obstacles, especially in the central and western regions. Domestic industry is difficult to meet a large number of equipment needs. As a result of these experiences, the deadline for the plan has been postponed many times. By the end of 2010, 926mw wind power generation equipment has been installed in Brazil, covering 51 wind farms and in line with 40 proinfa projects. Brazil has recently achieved the installed capacity of 1000MW wind power and is expected to reach the goal of the first phase of proinfa in 2011. In the last two years of the proinfa plan, the installed speed of wind power is increasing continuously, showing a trend of continuous growth. At present, 97% of the installed wind power generation is realized through the proinfa project. In December 2009 and August 2010 (ler-2009, lfa-2010 and ler-2010), the Brazilian Ministry of mines and energy held a regulatory procurement process to allow wind power participation. These auctions have greatly promoted the development of wind power generation. With the help of the proinfa project and such auctions, it is estimated that the installed capacity of wind power in Brazil will reach 5300mw by 2013, and the wind power industry will attract more than 10 billion US dollars in investment in the next three years.

PROINFA 计划:2002年，巴西政府通过了“替代电力能源激励计划（PROINFA）”，该项计划旨在通过增加新替代能源的使用实现电力结构多样化，推动巴西风力发电业的发展。该计划分为两个阶段，涵盖小型水力发电厂、生物质能发电和风力发电，并分为两个连续阶段。2002年4 月26日通过的第10.438号法令为PROINFA计划设定了目标和时间表、分配项目机制以及售电价格。第一阶段分配的总发电装机容量为3,300MW，分布于风力发电、生物质能发电和小型水电厂，其中风力发电占1,429 MW。这一配额必须于2008年12月30日前实施，并包括20年内确认固定电价和所有电力可接入电网的规定。3,300MW的装机容量平均分配于风电、小水电和生物质能发电。该计划的第一阶段基于巴西中央电力公司签署的一项20年保证购电协议，购电价格由政府制定，分别为最近12个月社会平均零售电价的50％、70％和90％（分别针对小型水电站、生物质能发电和风电），该计划由一家独立电力生产商参与，且第一阶段的电力设备和服务的国有化指数至少为60％。在第二阶段设定的目标是新的可再生能源在20年内提供国家年耗电量的10%。实现第一阶段的目标后，开始执行第二阶段。第二阶段的电力价格将与电力市场中有竞争力的能源发电价格相同，这样的电价定义为发电容量大于30MW的新水电站及天然气发电站发电的加权平均成本。该阶段同样基于巴西中央电力公司签署的20年购电协议，通过每年各生产商的采购计划使新的可再生能源向消费市场输出的电量每年至少增加15%。PROINFA 计划的评估：在第一阶段的实施过程中， 一些实际问题破坏了部分项目的发展，从而延迟了行动的开始。这些问题包括：• 获取或更新环境许可证时有繁杂的要求和繁复的官僚程序；各项目的公用事业申报(DUP)发生问题及延迟。DUP 可以帮助在谈判过程中获得资产使用权和获得影响项目权力权利,特别是土地使用权。在很多情况下土地受复杂的使用和占用条款约束,所有者和土地所有者之间的纠纷使确定财产十分困难• 电网连接障碍，特别是中西部地区• 国内工业难以满足大量的设备需求。由于这些经验，该计划的最后期限已被多次推迟， 至2010年年底，巴西已安装926MW风力发电设备， 遍布51个风电场并与40个PROINFA项目保持一致。巴西近期已实现1000MW风电装机容量，预计将于2011年达到PROINFA第一阶段的目标。在PROINFA计划的最后两年中,风电装机速度不断增加，呈持续增长的趋势。目前，97％的风力发电装机是通过PROINFA项目实现的。2009年12月以及2010年8月（LER-2009年，LFA-2010年和LER-2010年），巴西矿业和能源部举办了监管采购程序，允许风力发电参与。这些拍卖大大推动了风力发电的发展。在PROINFA项目和该类拍卖的助力下，预计到2013年巴西的风电装机容量将达5300MW，未来三年风电产业将吸引投资超过100亿美元。