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改革印度的煤油补贴:寻找更好的替代品Reforming Kerosene Subsidies in India: Towards better alternatives 改革印度的煤油补贴:寻找更好的替代品Reforming Kerosene Subsidies in India: Towards better alternatives

改革印度的煤油补贴:寻找更好的替代品Reforming Kerosene Subsidies in India: Towards better alternatives

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  • 更新时间:2021-09-25
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印度的煤油主要作为家庭使用的补贴商品,在第二个五年计划(FYP)期间被添加到公共分配系统(PDS)商品篮子中。过去60年,煤油一直作为一种补贴燃料,为家庭提供负担得起的烹饪和照明(照明)。然而,目前形式的补贴计划因补贴煤油分配中的大量泄漏而受到损害。随着提供最终服务的有效替代品的出现,煤油正在满足需求,继续补贴煤油可能不是最有效地利用财政资源。本研究的目的是解决煤油补贴的合理化问题,以提高政府的有效性,为家庭提供燃料的最大效益。 为了回答这个宽泛的问题,我们首先利用国家消费者支出抽样调查(NSS)数据、能源、环境和水委员会(CEEW)能源获取(access)初步调查,分析了印度家庭目前煤油的作用和使用情况,以及在坎普尔和本加鲁鲁两个城市的城市贫困地区进行的实地研究的结果。接下来,我们使用访问调查数据分析了当前交付系统中的低效率。1随后,我们对煤油与替代品进行了比较经济分析。最后,在经济分析的基础上,我们对各利益相关者进行了一系列的半结构化访谈,包括来自煤油批发经销商协会、离网企业家、国家粮食和民用供应部、石油和天然气部的代表,以及新能源和可再生能源部,为向更好的替代品过渡划出道路。

Kerosene in India is primarily available as a subsidized commodity for household use, and was added to the basket of Public Distribution System (PDS) commodities during the 2nd Five Year Plan (FYP). Kerosene has been continued as a subsidised fuel to provide affordable cooking and illumination (lighting) to households for the last 60 years. However, the subsidy program in its current form is marred by high levels of leakage in the distribution of subsidized kerosene. With efficient alternatives emerging to provide the end services being met by kerosene, continuing to subsidize it may not be the most efficient use of fiscal resources. This study aims to address the key question of how to best rationalize the kerosene subsidy to improve the government effectiveness as well as provide the maximum benefit to the households spending on the fuel. To answer this broad question, we first analyzed the current role and use of kerosene in Indian households, using National Sample Survey (NSS) data on consumer expenditure, Council on Energy, Environment and Water’s (CEEW’s) primary survey on energy access (ACCESS), and findings from field studies conducted in urban-poor sections of two cities, namely Kanpur and Bengaluru. Next, we analyzed the inefficiencies in the current delivery system, using the ACCESS survey data.1 Subsequently, we conducted a comparative economic analysis of kerosene vis--vis alternatives. Finally, based on the economic analysis, we conducted a series of semi-structured interviews with various stakeholders, including representatives from the kerosene wholesale dealers’ association, off-grid entrepreneurs, the Department of Food and Civil Supplies at the state level, the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, and the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, to chalk out pathways for a transition toward better alternatives.

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