首页 > 资料下载 > 性别和化石燃料补贴改革印度尼西亚能源补贴、能源使用和性别数据审计Gender and Fossil Fuel Subsidy Reform An audit of data on energy sub
性别和化石燃料补贴改革印度尼西亚能源补贴、能源使用和性别数据审计Gender and Fossil Fuel Subsidy Reform An audit of data on energy sub 性别和化石燃料补贴改革印度尼西亚能源补贴、能源使用和性别数据审计Gender and Fossil Fuel Subsidy Reform An audit of data on energy sub

性别和化石燃料补贴改革印度尼西亚能源补贴、能源使用和性别数据审计Gender and Fossil Fuel Subsidy Reform An audit of data on energy sub

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  • 更新时间：2021-09-25
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印度尼西亚政府正在考虑改革其液化石油气消费补贴，因为其财政成本不断上升：2016年25万亿印尼盾（19亿美元）：约占其能源补贴支出总额的一半。目前，所有公民都可获得3公斤液化石油气气瓶的补贴。改革的目标可能是向穷人提供补贴，或通过社会援助系统以现金转移取代。 能源补贴改革对穷人的影响已经被广泛研究。大多数补贴福利往往是由最有购买力的富人获得的。但贫困家庭最易受到伤害，因为他们最不可能承受更高的能源价格。然而，对性别差异的影响知之甚少。就液化石油气（一种用于烹饪的家用燃料）而言，女性可能比男性受到的影响更大，因为她们负责大部分烹饪和家庭管理工作。 这项研究通过审查现有的家庭能源使用数据和相关的性别问题，对印度尼西亚液化石油气补贴改革和性别问题进行了初步调查。重点是穷人和近穷人，按收入计算，他们占人口的35%。资料来自五项全国住户调查和对相关文献的审查。这项研究是由性别和可持续能源国际网络（EnnGa）和英国国际发展部支持的更广泛的能源和性别项目的一部分，其中包括国际文献回顾和孟加拉、印度和尼日利亚的范围研究。 这次数据审计的目的是做两件事。首先，它收集印度尼西亚妇女地位的一般数据。这表明性别平等的程度以及妇女是否面临不利条件。其次，报告审查了能源使用情况，特别是贫穷妇女的能源使用情况，以确定妇女是否更有可能受到补贴改革的影响。审计的目的是建立一个基准，并查明数据差距。稍后阶段的工作可能会设法解决其中一些数据缺口，并确定政策影响和解决办法。

The Government of Indonesia is considering reform of its consumer subsidies for liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) due to its rising fiscal cost: IDR 25 trillion (USD 1.9 billion) in 2016: around half of its total energy subsidy expenditure. Subsidized 3-kg LPG cylinders are currently available to all citizens. Reforms are likely to target the subsidy to the poor or replace it with cash transfers through the social assistance system. The impact of energy subsidy reform on the poor has been widely studied. Most subsidy benefits tend to be captured by the wealthy that have the most purchasing power. But poor households are most vulnerable because they can least afford higher energy prices. Gender differentiated impacts are, however, poorly understood. In the case of LPG, a household fuel used for cooking, women are likely to be more affected than men because they do most of the cooking and household management. This study provides an initial investigation into LPG subsidy reform and gender in Indonesia by examining the available data on household use of energy and relevant gender issues. The focus is on the poor and nearpoor, which comprise the bottom 35 per cent of the population by income. Information is derived from five national household surveys and a review of relevant literature. The study is part of a broader project on energy and gender supported by the International Network on Gender and Sustainable Energy (ENERGIA) and the U.K. Department for International Development, which includes an international literature review and scoping studies in Bangladesh, India and Nigeria. This data audit aims to do two things. First, it gathers general data on the status of women in Indonesia. This demonstrates the degree of gender equity and whether women face disadvantages. Second, the report examines energy use, particularly by poor women, to establish whether women are more likely to be affected by subsidy reform. The audit aims to establish a baseline and to identify data gaps. A later phase of work may seek to address some of these data gaps and identify policy implications and solutions.

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