1. In 2013, iaea continued its extensive technical and scientific activities with a view to making a sustained contribution to meeting the needs of member states.The present report reviews developments related to nuclear issues in 2013 from the agency's perspective and in accordance with the agency's own plans.The work of the iaea's diversity plan focuses in a balanced manner on nuclear technology and its application, nuclear safety and security, nuclear verification and technical cooperation.The agency continues to work to strengthen the synergy between the scientific and technological component of its programme and its technical cooperation activities.2. This review is not intended to cover all aspects, but to focus on the following topics: the status of nuclear power;Applications of nuclear-related technologies in food and agriculture, human health, water management and environmental monitoring;Iaea efforts to strengthen the global nuclear safety culture and nuclear security;Implementation of iaea safeguards;And outreach to stakeholders and partners of member states to better understand the needs of member states and to ensure a more efficient and effective response to those needs. Nuclear technology Nuclear powerStatus and trends3. By the end of 2013, with 434 nuclear-powered reactors operating worldwide, the total generating capacity of nuclear power reached 371.7 gigawatts (gw).During the year, four nuclear-powered reactors were connected to the grid;Construction began on 10 new reactors;Belarus has become the second country to begin building its first nuclear power plant in the past 30 years.4. By the end of 2013, 72 reactors were under construction, the highest number since 1989.Of these, 48 are in Asia, which remains central to both short-term and long-term growth prospects.Of the 30 countries that use nuclear power today, 25 are expanding or planning to expand their own.5. Based on the 2013 iaea projections for 2030, global nuclear power generation is projected to grow by 17 per cent on the low forecast and 94 per cent on the high forecast.The figures, slightly lower than 2012 forecasts, reflect the continuing impact of the fukushima daiichi nuclear accident, low natural gas prices and increasing use of renewable energy.The big conference in 20136. Two major international nuclear energy conferences were held in 2013.The international ministerial conference on nuclear power in the 21st century, held in st Petersburg, concluded that nuclear power remains an important option for many countries to enhance energy security, provide energy for sustainable development and combat climate change.More than 500 delegates from 87 countries and seven international organizations attended.The participants included leaders of many organizations and other senior experts, more than 50 of whom were representatives at ministerial or similar levels.7. The international conference on safe technologies and sustainable scenarios for fast reactors and related fuel cycles, held in Paris, focused on the deployment of strategic and technical programmes for closed-fuel cycle fast reactors operating in a safe, proliferation-resistant and economical manner.Climate change and sustainable developmentThe nineteenth session of the conference of the parties to the United Nations framework convention on climate change was held in Warsaw in NovemberNinth session of the conference of the parties to the Kyoto protocol.Participants are committed to reaching an agreement on a long-term commitment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, but progress has been made towards a universal climate agreement by 2015Limit.In the 2013 version provided to participants in the nineteenth session of the conference of the parties to the United Nations framework convention on climate changeThe potential role of nuclear power in mitigating the effects of climate change is highlighted in climate change and nuclear power.In particular, the publication examines the importance of nuclear power in reducing carbon dioxide emissions from the power sector.Support existing nuclear power plans9. Many countries have given high priority to the granting of licences for power plants operating for 30 to 40 years beyond initial expectations.Identifying materials and components that may degrade over time in harsh operating environments is an important aspect of safe and reliable operation of reactors.In this and other technical areas, the agency continues to provide guidance to countries with existing nuclear power plans and to promote knowledge sharing among them.At a technical conference in Vienna, co-organized with the European commission's joint research centre, more than 80 participants from 29 countries discussed current material health and future challenges.Commencement of nuclear programme10. More than 30 countries are considering or incorporating nuclear power into their energy mix.In 2013, two countries were building their first nuclear power plants: the united Arab emirates (uae) poured the first pot of concrete for unit 2 at the baraka site, and belarus began construction of the first unit at the ostrowitz site.In addition, Bangladesh, Jordan, Turkey and Vietnam have made significant progress on their first nuclear power plant projects.Through services such as visits by the integrated nuclear infrastructure review working group, iaea has provided support to these and other countries for the infrastructure needed to prepare for the introduction of nuclear power.In 2013, the working group on the comprehensive nuclear infrastructure review visited Poland, South Africa and Turkey.The visit to South Africa by the comprehensive nuclear infrastructure review working group was the first to a country already producing nuclear power and preparing new projects.Energy assessment service11. Iaea continues to assist interested member states in strengthening their capacity to analyse and plan appropriate national energy systems to meet national development needs and to provide sustainable modern energy services.In 2013, some 600 energy analysts and planners from 72 countries were trained in the use of iaea analytical tools.

1. 2013 年，国际原子能机构继续开展广泛的技术和科学活动，以期对满足成员国的需求做出持续的贡献。本报告从原子能机构的角度并根据原子能机构自身的计划回顾了 2013 年与核问题有关的发展情况。原子能机构的多样性计划工作以均衡的方式侧重于核技术及其应用、核安全和核安保、核核查和技术合作。原子能机构继续致力于加强其计划的科技部分与其技术合作活动之间的协同作用。

2. 本综述并不打算面面俱到，而是选择以下一些议题分别论述：核电现状；核相关技术在粮食与农业、人体健康、水资源管理和环境监测领域的应用；原子能机构为加强全球核安全文化和核安保所作的努力；执行原子能机构保障；以及开展对成员国利益相关者和伙伴的外展活动，以更明确地了解成员国的需求并确保更高效和更有效地响应这些需求。

核 技 术

核电

状况和趋势

3. 到 2013 年底，随着 434 座核动力堆在全世界运营，核能总发电容量达到 371.7 吉瓦（电）。在这一年中，有四座核动力堆并网；10 座新反应堆开工建设；白俄罗斯成为过去 30 年开始建设第一座核电厂的第二个国家。

4. 到 2013 年底，在建反应堆共有 72 座，成为自 1989 年以来的最高数字。其中 48 座在亚洲，亚洲仍然是短期和长期增长前景的中心。在目前使用核电的 30 个国家中， 有 25 个正在扩大或计划扩大本国的规模。

5. 根据 2013 年原子能机构对 2030 年所做的预测，全球核发电量按低值预测预计增长 17%，按高值预测预计增长 94%。这些数字略低于 2012 年的预测，反映了福岛第一核电站事故的持续影响、天然气价格低迷和可再生能源的使用日益增多。

2013 年的大型会议

6. 2013 年举行了两次大型国际核能会议。在圣彼得堡举行的“21 世纪的核电部长级国际会议”得出的结论是，对许多国家而言，核电仍然是加强能源安全、提供促进可持续发展的能源和应对气候变化的重要选择。来自 87 个国家和七个国际组织的 500 多名代表出席了会议。与会者包括许多组织的领导人和其他高级专家，其中有 50 多位是部长级或类似级别的代表。

 7.在巴黎举行的“快堆和相关燃料循环的安全技术和可持续假想方案国际会议”侧重于部署以安全、抗扩散和经济的方式运行的闭式燃料循环快堆的战略方案和技术方案。

气候变化和可持续发展

8.11 月在华沙举行了《联合国气候变化框架公约》缔约方会议第十九届会议和充当

《京都议定书》缔约方会议的缔约方会议第九届会议。与会者致力于就减少温室气体排放的长期承诺达成协议，但在于 2015  年达成一项普遍的气候协议方面取得的进展有

限。在提供给《联合国气候变化框架公约》缔约方会议第十九届会议与会者的 2013 版

《气候变化与核电》中，核电在减缓气候变化影响方面的潜在作用得到了突出强调。该出版物特别审视了核能在减少来自电力行业的二氧化碳排放量方面的重要性。

向现有核电计划提供支持

9.  许多国家对于向超出最初预期的 30－40 年运行的电厂颁发许可证给予了高度优先重视。确定在严苛的运行环境中可能随着时间的推移而降质的材料和部件是反应堆安全和可靠运行的一个重要方面。在这方面和其他技术领域，原子能机构继续向现有核电计划的国家提供指导，并促进它们之间的知识共享。在与欧洲委员会联合研究中心共同组织的在维也纳召开的一次技术会议上，来自 29 个国家的 80 多名与会者讨论了目前的材料降质和未来挑战的问题。

启动核电计划

10. 30 多个国家正在考虑核电计划或正在将核电纳入其能源结构。2013 年，两个国家在建造本国第一座核电厂：阿拉伯联合酋长国（阿联酋）为巴拉卡场址上的 2  号机组浇注了第一罐混凝土，白俄罗斯开始在奥斯特洛韦茨场址上建造首台机组。此外，孟加拉国、约旦、土耳其和越南在各自本国首个核电厂项目上取得了显著进展。通过“综合核基础结构评审”工作组访问等服务，原子能机构对这些国家以及其他国家准备引进核电所需的基础结构提供了支助。2013  年，对波兰、南非和土耳其进行了“综合核基础结构评审”工作组访问。对南非的“综合核基础结构评审”工作组访问是第一次对一个已在生产核电并正在筹备新建项目的国家进行的访问。

能源评定服务

11. 原子能机构继续帮助感兴趣的成员国加强分析和规划适当国家能源系统的能力， 以满足国家发展需求，并提供可持续的现代能源服务。2013 年，对来自 72 个国家的约600 名能源分析人员和规划人员进行了原子能机构分析工具使用方面的培训。