1. Since its establishment nearly 60 years ago, the international atomic energy agency has made sustained efforts to carry out and adapt its work programme within the framework of its statute to meet the changing needs and objectives of its member states.Atomic energy agency (iaea) in 2014, the scope of activities in a balanced way focused on promoting peaceful application of nuclear science and technology, strengthen nuclear safety and nuclear security, help strengthen the global nuclear inspectors and non-proliferation efforts as well as through its technical cooperation programme to ensure that all of its members benefit of nuclear science and technology, to promote their economic and social development.2. The following is an overview of nuclear-related developments and highlights worldwide in 2014 and how the iaea has addressed them through its work.Nuclear technologyNuclear powerStatus and trends3. At the end of 2014, there were 438 reactors in operation worldwide, with a total generating capacity of 376.2 gigawatts(electric).During the year, five reactors were brought online, one was shut down permanently and construction began on three.Asia remains central to near-term and long-term growth prospects, accounting for 46 of the 70 reactors under construction.4. Iaea projections for 2030 indicate that global installed nuclear power capacity will grow by 8 per cent under the low-value scenario and 88 per cent under the high-value scenario.These projections are lower than those for 2013, mainly because some plants were decommissioned earlier than expected and the number of new plants planned in some countries fell.Still, interest in nuclear power remains strong in some regions, especially in countries where energy demand is growing rapidly.The main conference5. The international conference on "human resource development in nuclear power planning: building and sustaining capacity", held at iaea headquarters in Vienna in May, attracted more than 300 participants from 65 member states and five international organizations.The meeting noted that more systematic training programmes were being introduced in the global nuclear field and that opportunities for development on the skills pyramid were increasing.Countries were encouraged to participate in existing networks and to undertake self-assessment of capacity-building.6. In October, the twenty-fifth iaea conference on fusion energy was held in st. Petersburg, Russian federation.Participants reviewed the latest developments and achievements in the physics and technology required to demonstrate fusion power production, as well as the substantial progress in the construction of the international thermonuclear experimental reactor.The experimental reactor is a project to demonstrate more than 500 megawatts of self-sustaining fusion power generation.The conference identified the following important areas for future attention: conversion zone technology and radiochemical technology;System integration;Steady-state operation of fusion systems;And fusion-fission hybrid system technology.7. At the international symposium on the exploration, exploitation, production, supply and demand, economy and environment of uranium feedstock for the nuclear fuel cycle, some 90 presentations highlighted new developments in uranium exploration, exploitation and processing.The symposium held at iaea headquarters in June attracted more than 250 experts from 60 countries.New initiatives introduced include innovative financing, application of advanced technology in "smart mines", integrated exploration and "waste creates wealth".Issues raised in the symposium included the need to give priority to social licensing and stakeholder involvement;Apply the new technology to the whole mining life;And focus on sustainable recovery and reprovisioning of low-cost resources.Climate change and sustainable development8. The twentieth session of the conference of the parties to the United Nations framework convention on climate change (unfccc), held in Lima, Peru, in December, adopted the Lima call for climate action, an important step towards a climate change agreement by 2015.Iaea published a publication at the twentieth session of the conference of the parties to the United Nations framework convention on climate changeClimate change and nuclear power 2014 introduces new evidence on the urgency of mitigating man-made climate change in the fifth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change.The publication also reaffirmed that hydropower, nuclear and wind power generate the least amount of greenhouse gases per kilowatt hour of electricity produced over a lifetime.The book highlights the importance of nuclear power in achieving security of energy supply and other environmental and macroeconomic benefits.Energy assessment service9. Iaea continues to assist member states, upon request, in undertaking energy planning studies to assess the potential contribution of different energy technologies, including nuclear power, to meeting future needs.In 2014, pre-feasibility studies for the introduction of nuclear power in Egypt and Jordan were completed.In accordance with the methodology developed by the iaea's international project on innovative nuclear reactors and fuel cycles, efforts to build capacity for the implementation of the nuclear energy system assessment continue.In 2014, the nuclear system assessment was implemented in Indonesia, Romania and Ukraine.Support in transit for nuclear power plants10. One of the major challenges in the long-term operation of nuclear power plants is the development and implementation of ageing management plans to assess the integrity of basic structures and systems and the remaining life of key components.Iaea has developed planned guidelines for components in respect of ageing management maintenance optimization and shutdown management plans.In October, the iaea held a "technical conference on the management of buried pipelines and storage tanks for nuclear power plants" in charlotte, United States of America.Thirty-six participants reviewed the draft guidelines for buried pipelines and storage tanks.Commencement of nuclear programme11. More than 30 countries are considering, planning or initiating nuclear power projects.During the year, Bangladesh, Jordan, Turkey and Vietnam made progress on their first nuclear power plant projects.Through services such as visits by the integrated nuclear infrastructure review working group, iaea supports these and other countries in preparing the infrastructure needed for the introduction of nuclear power.In 2014, it paid a visit to Jordan and a follow-up visit to Vietnam.Belarus and the united Arab emirates continued to build their first nuclear power plants during the year, with the construction of units ostrowitz 2 and baraka 3 respectively.

1. 国际原子能机构自近 60 年前成立以来，一直在其《规约》框架内持续努力开展并调整其工作计划，以满足成员国不断变化的需求和目标。原子能机构在 2014 年的活动范围以均衡的方式侧重于促进核科学技术的和平应用、加强核安全和核安保、帮助加强全球核核查和防扩散努力以及通过其技术合作计划确保其所有成员国都惠益于核科学技术，以促进它们的经济和社会发展。

2. 以下概述 2014 年世界范围内与核有关的发展和要事以及原子能机构是如何通过其工作处理这些发展和要事的。

核 技 术

核电

状况和趋势

3. 2014 年底，全世界共有 438 座反应堆在运行，核能总发电容量达到 376.2 吉瓦

（电）。这一年期间，有五座反应堆并网，一座永久关闭，三座反应堆开工建设。亚洲仍是近期和长期增长前景的中心，占在建的 70 座反应堆中的 46 座。

4. 原子能机构对 2030 年的预测表明，全球核电装机容量在低值假想情况下将增长8%，在高值假想情况下将增长 88%。这些预测低于 2013 年的预测，这主要是由于一些电厂早于预期时间退役和一些国家所规划的新电厂数量减少所致。虽然如此，对核电的兴趣在一些地区依然强劲，特别是在能源需求快速增长的国家。

主要会议

5. 5 月在维也纳原子能机构总部举行的“核电计划的人力资源发展：建设和保持能力”国际会议吸引了来自 65 个成员国和五个国际组织的 300 多名与会者。会议注意到，全球核领域正在采用更系统的培训方案，并且在技能金字塔上的发展机会正在变得越来越多。会议鼓励各国参加现有网络和开展能力建设自评定。

6. 10 月，第二十五届原子能机构聚变能会议在俄罗斯联邦圣彼得堡举行。与会者回顾了论证核聚变电力生产所需物理学和技术的最新发展与成就，以及建造国际热核实验堆的实质性进展。该实验堆是一个论证 500 兆瓦以上自持聚变能发电的项目。会议确定了未来需要关注的重要领域如下：转换区技术和放射化学技术；系统集成；聚变系统的稳态运行技术；以及聚变-裂变混合系统技术。

 7.在“核燃料循环用铀原料的勘探、开采、生产、供求、经济性和环境问题国际专题讨论会”上，约有 90 份专题介绍突出了铀勘探、开采和加工方面的新发展。6 月在原子能机构总部举行的专题讨论会吸引了 60 个国家的 250 多名专家。所介绍的新举措包括创新筹资、先进技术在“智能矿山”中的应用、综合勘探及“废物创造财富”。专题讨论会提出的问题包括需要优先关注社会许可证审批和利益相关者的参与；将新技术推广应用于整个采矿寿期；以及重点关注低成本资源的可持续回收和重置。

气候变化和可持续发展

8. 12 月在秘鲁利马召开的《联合国气候变化框架公约》缔约方会议第二十届会议通过了《采取气候行动利马呼吁》，向 2015 年达成气候变化协定迈出了重要一步。原子能机构在《联合国气候变化框架公约》缔约方会议第二十届会议上发表了出版物

《2014 年气候变化与核电》，介绍了“政府间气候变化问题小组第五次评估报告”中就减缓人为气候变化的紧迫性提出的新证据。该出版物还重申，按寿期计算，水电、核电、风能发电每生产 1 千瓦时电力所释放的温室气体量最少。该书强调了核电在实现能源供应安全及其他环境和宏观经济效益方面的重要性。

能源评定服务

9. 原子能机构继续应请求援助成员国开展能源规划研究，以评估不同能源技术（包括核电）对满足未来需求的潜在贡献。2014 年，完成了在埃及和约旦引进核电的预可行性研究。根据原子能机构“革新型核反应堆和燃料循环国际项目”开发的方法，为开展“核能系统评定”继续努力进行能力建设。2014 年，在印度尼西亚、罗马尼亚和乌克兰实施了“核能系统评定”。

支持在运核电厂

10. 核电厂长期运行的主要挑战之一是制订和实施老化管理计划，以评定基本结构和系统的完整性以及关键部件的剩余寿期。原子能机构就老化管理、维护最优化和停堆管理计划制订了针对部件的计划指导方针。10 月，原子能机构在美利坚合众国夏洛特举行了“核电厂地下埋设管道和储罐老化管理技术会议”。36 名与会者审查了地下埋设管道和储罐导则草案。

启动核电计划

 11. 30 多个国家正在考虑、规划或启动核电计划。在这一年期间，孟加拉国、约旦、土耳其和越南在各自的首座核电厂项目上取得了进展。通过“综合核基础结构评审” 工作组访问等服务，原子能机构支持这些国家以及其他国家准备好引进核电所需的基础结构。2014 年，对约旦进行了“综合核基础结构评审”工作组访问，并对越南进行了后续“综合核基础结构评审”工作组访问。白俄罗斯和阿拉伯联合酋长国在这一年内继续建造其首座核电厂，分别开工建设奥斯特洛韦茨 2 号机组和巴拉卡 3 号机组。