1. For nearly 60 years, the international atomic energy agency has pursued the objective of providing member states with nuclear science and technology in a safe, reliable and peaceful manner.During this period, it has adjusted its programme of work within the framework of the statute to meet the changing needs and development objectives of member states.2. Iaea's activities in 2015 were balanced in its main areas of work: technology transfer, safety and security, and verification.During the year, the iaea supported its member states in using nuclear science and technology to achieve their development goals and address a range of global challenges -- from meeting growing energy needs and protecting the environment, to improving food security and human health in a sustainable manner.At the same time, it is committed to promoting and strengthening global nuclear safety and security, and to promoting non-proliferation by preventing the use of nuclear materials and facilities for non-peaceful purposes.In this way, the iaea has contributed to global peace, security and development and has truly improved the lives of people everywhere.3. The following is a report on iaea activities for 2015. Nuclear technologyNuclear powerStatus and trends4. Global nuclear power generation capacity increased in 2015 to 382.9 gigawatts at the end of the year.The number of nuclear-powered reactors in transit rose to 441 in 2015, with 10 new reactors connected to the grid, the highest since 1993.That year, construction began on seven reactors, bringing the total number under construction around the world to 67, and seven reactors were shut down permanently.5. Iaea projections for 2030 show global nuclear capacity growth of 2 per cent under the low growth scenario and 68 per cent under the high growth scenario.The forecasts are lower than those for 2014 because of uncertainty about energy policy, license renewals, reactor closures and future construction.These figures take into account the decommissioning of power plants;Actual new capacity over the next 15 years would be about 150 gw under a low-growth scenario and 300 gw under a high-growth scenario(electric).Short - and long-term growth prospects remain concentrated in Asia, with Africa, eastern Europe and Latin America also expected to grow.The main conference6. In June, an international conference on "spent fuel management in nuclear-powered reactors: integrated fuel cycle back-end programmes" was held at iaea headquarters in Vienna, with the participation of 207 representatives from 39 member states and five international organizations.Participants discussed key issues including the safety of spent fuel management and the strategy of spent fuel management.The need for an integrated fuel cycle back-end programme, particularly for processing, storage, transport and disposal, and for a holistic approach to spent fuel management was stressed.7. In November, iaea organized its largest research reactor conference to date, the international conference on safety management and efficient utilization of research reactors.The meeting in Vienna attracted 300 participants from 56 member states.The conclusions of the meeting included that operators should ensure the sustainability of research reactors through appropriate strategic planning, that iaea safety standards and nuclear security guidelines should be integrated into their operation, and that greater use of networking should be made to learn from peers.Climate change and sustainable development8. The 21st session of the parties to the United Nations framework convention on climate change (unfccc), held in Paris on 11 December, 30 November, adopted a new binding agreement on climate change.The Paris agreement acknowledges the need to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions as soon as possible.At the same time, worldwide energy demand is expected to grow.Climate change and nuclear power 2015, an iaea publication launched in preparation for the 21st session of the unfccc, describes how nuclear energy, as one of the low-carbon energy sources available today, can help address this "climate-energy challenge".Energy assessment service9. Iaea continues to provide energy assessment services to member states, including assistance, upon request, in energy planning studies.These studies will help countries assess how different technologies, including nuclear power, can potentially help them meet their energy needs.In 2015, iaea continued to build the capacity of member states to carry out "nuclear energy system assessment" in accordance with the methodology developed by the agency's international project on innovative nuclear reactors and fuel cycles.In 2015, the nuclear energy system assessment was launched in Malaysia and is being carried out in Indonesia, Romania and Ukraine.Support in transit for nuclear power plants10. Many operators have invested in enhancing the safety and security of their nuclear plants and improving their reliability, while coping with increased operating costs and low electricity prices.This has implications for the cost of nuclear power generation and could affect the long-term economic sustainability of power plants.A technical meeting of 35 participants from 16 member countries, held in Helsinki, Finland, in May, assessed the economic impact and identified the drivers of technology, management and external costs that affect long-term operations.Commencement of nuclear programme11. In order to strengthen support for the "new nuclear start-up states", the 30 or so member states currently considering or planning nuclear power plans, lessons learned from the first six years of the working group visit to the comprehensive nuclear infrastructure review were reviewed and published.Iaea also updated the "national nuclear infrastructure profiles" and the "integrated work plans" of several countries, which were subsequently used to plan iaea activities for 2016-2017.In 2015, the iucr working group visited Kenya, Morocco and Nigeria.

1. 近 60 年来，国际原子能机构一直追求以安全、可靠和和平的方式向成员国提供核科学技术的目标。这期间，它在《规约》的框架内调整了工作计划，以使其与解决成员国不断变化的需求和发展目标相适应。

2. 原子能机构 2015 年的活动在其主要工作领域得到了平衡：技术转让、安全和安保、核查。这一年，原子能机构支持其成员国利用核科学技术实现自己的发展目标和应对一系列全球性挑战 — 从满足日益增长的能源需求和保护环境，到以可持续的方式改善粮食安全和人体健康。与此同时，它致力于促进和加强全球核安全和核安保， 以及通过防止核材料和核设施用于非和平目的促进不扩散。原子能机构以这种方式促进了全球和平、安全与发展，并真正改善了世界各地人们的生活。

3. 以下是 2015 年原子能机构活动的报告。

核 技 术

核电

状况和趋势

4. 全球核能发电容量在 2015 年有所增长，在年终达到 382.9 吉瓦（电）。在运核动力堆的数量在 2015 年增加至 441 座，有 10 座新反应堆并网发电，创 1993 年以来新高。这一年，开工建设七座反应堆，这使得世界各地在建反应堆的总数达到 67 座，七座反应堆被永久关闭。

5. 原子能机构对 2030 年的预测显示，全球核电容量增长在低增长情景假设下为 2%， 在高增长情景假设下为 68%。由于有关能源政策、许可证展期、反应堆关闭和未来建设的不确定性，这些预测值均低于 2014 年的预测值。这些数字考虑到电厂退役；今后 15 年的实际新增容量在低增长情景下约为 150 吉瓦（电），在高增长情景下为 300 吉瓦

（电）。短期和长期增长前景仍然集中在亚洲，非洲、东欧和拉丁美洲也有望增长。

主要会议

6. 6 月，在原子能机构维也纳总部举行了“核动力堆乏燃料管理：燃料循环后端综合方案”国际会议，来自 39 个成员国和五个国际组织的 207 名代表参加了会议。与会者讨论了包括乏燃料管理安全和乏燃料管理战略在内的一些关键问题。会议强调了尤其在加工、贮存、运输和处置方面采取燃料循环后端综合方案的必要性，以及采取乏燃料管理整体观的必要性。

   7.11 月，原子能机构组织了其迄今为止规模最大的研究堆会议 —“研究堆安全管理和有效利用”国际会议。这次会议在维也纳举行，吸引了来自 56 个成员国的 300 名与会者。会议得出的结论包括，营运者应当通过适当的战略规划确保研究堆的可持续性，应当将原子能机构安全标准和核安保导则综合纳入到它们的运行中，以及应当更多地利用联网向同行学习。

气候变化和可持续发展

8. 11 月 30 日至 12 月 11 日在法国巴黎举行的《联合国气候变化框架公约》缔约方第二十一届会议（“气候变化公约”第二十一届会议）通过了关于气候变化的新的有约束力的协定。“巴黎协定”承认，尽快需要减少全球温室气体排放。与此同时，世界范围的能源需求预计会增长。在“气候变化公约”第二十一届会议筹备期间推出的原子能机构出版物《2015 年气候变化与核电》，介绍了核能作为当今可用的低碳能源来源之一，能够帮助应对这一“气候-能源挑战”。

能源评定服务

9. 原子能机构继续向成员国提供能源评定服务，包括根据请求协助它们开展能源规划研究。这些研究有助于各国评价包括核电在内的不同技术如何能够潜在地帮助它们满足能源需求。2015 年，原子能机构继续建设成员国按照原子能机构“革新型核反应堆和燃料循环国际项目”开发的方法学开展“核能系统评定”的能力。2015 年，在马来西亚启动了“核能系统评定”，并正在印度尼西亚、罗马尼亚和乌克兰进行该项评定。

支持在运核电厂

10. 许多营运者已投资加强其核电厂的安全和安保并提高其可靠性，同时应对增加的运营成本和低电价。这对核能发电的成本产生影响，并可能影响电厂长期运行的经济可持续性。5 月在芬兰赫尔辛基举行的有来自 16 个成员国的 35 人参加的技术会议，评估了这种经济影响，确定了影响长期运行的技术、管理和外部成本方面的驱动因素。

启动核电计划

11. 为加强对“新启动核电国家”即目前正在考虑或规划核电计划的约 30 个成员国的支持，回顾并出版了从“综合核基础结构评审”头六年工作组访问中汲取的经验教训。原子能机构还更新了几个国家的“国家核基础结构概况”和“综合工作计划”，这些资料随后被用于规划原子能机构的 2016－2017 年的活动。2015 年，对肯尼亚、摩洛哥和尼日利亚开展了“综合核基础结构评审”工作组访问。