1. The international atomic energy agency deals with global nuclear technology-related issues in accordance with the provisions of its statute.In carrying out this mandate, the agency has sought to provide independent and objective advice on the use of nuclear technology for development and in the promotion of nuclear safety and security and in activities related to nuclear verification.In 2009, the iaea placed particular emphasis on assisting member states to meet their energy needs through nuclear technology, to respond to climate change concerns, to help ensure food security and access to clean water, and to strengthen health care.The following is an overview of nuclear-related developments worldwide in 2009 and how they affect the work of the iaea.  Nuclear technology Nuclear power, nuclear fuel cycle and sustainable developmentCurrent situation and trend of nuclear powerDemand for global energy and interest in nuclear power continued to rise in 2009.Construction began on 11 new nuclear-powered reactors, the most since 1987.Forecasts for future nuclear power growth have been revised up again.For example, China, India and the Russian federation have all significantly increased their development goals.But during the year, only two new reactors were brought online, compared with three decommissioned, and the world's total nuclear capacity fell slightly for the second year in a row.With the closure of the ignalina-2 unit in Lithuania, the number of countries with operating nuclear power plants fell to 29.3. As of 1 January 2010, a total of 437 nuclear-powered reactors were in operation, with a total capacity of 370 gigawatts(electric).Fifty-five reactors are under construction, the largest number since 1992.The current expansion and near-term and long-term growth prospects remain centered in Asia, not least because of the region's strong economic growth.Ten of the 11 reactors under construction are in Asia, compared with 36 of 55 under constructionAnd 30 of the 41 new reactors recently brought online are also in Asia. The global financial crisis that began in the second half of 2008 was cited as a factor in delaying the start of nuclear projects in some parts of the world.But the agency raised its low and high forecasts for global nuclear power growth by 8 per cent, partly because of increasingly firm commitments by governments, power companies and suppliers to build new reactors.The financial crisis has not materially changed the factors driving rising expectations for nuclear power.In particular, the key drivers remain the strong track record and safety of nuclear power, as well as continuing concerns about climate change, security of energy supplies, high and volatile fossil fuel prices and growth in energy demand.In April, the iaea organized the international ministerial conference on nuclear energy for the 21st century in Beijing, China.The meeting, hosted by the Chinese government, assessed the status and prospects of nuclear power, including progress in technological development, and discussed the actions needed to further expand nuclear power.The end of the meeting, said in a statement: "most of the attendees respect for countries to meet their international obligations ways to make the rights of the national energy policy at the same time, nuclear power as a proven, clean, safe, competitive technology, will for mankind in the 21st century and later period of the growing contribution to sustainable development."Commencement of nuclear programme6. With many countries, particularly developing countries, expressing interest in incorporating nuclear power into their energy mix, current national policies point to a substantial expansion of the use of nuclear power.In addition, many countries that already have nuclear power plants in operation are planning to expand power generation.7. More than 60 countries, mostly in the developing world, have notified iaea of their possible interest in initiating nuclear power programmes.Fifty-eight member states are participating in regional or national technical cooperation projects related to the introduction of nuclear power.Seventeen of those countries are working on national nuclear power plans, with one choosing a nuclear power plant to build at the end of the year and one building its first.Increased interest among member states has led to a threefold increase in the number of technical cooperation projects related to nuclear power in the iaea technical cooperation cycle 2009-2011 (figure 1).Iaea has launched a new integrated nuclear infrastructure assessment service to match the milestones developed by the agency to provide guidance to member states when they initiate nuclear power projects.Review of national infrastructure needs.The first three integrated nuclear infrastructure review teams visited Indonesia, Jordan and Vietnam.Opportunities for international cooperation between new entrants and suppliers were identified at an iaea workshop in November, and new publications were issued on the financing of nuclear power plants and on the responsibilities and capabilities of owners and operators implementing new nuclear power plans.

1. 国际原子能机构依照其《规约》的规定处理全球核技术相关问题。在履行这一使命的过程中，原子能机构一直寻求在利用核技术促进发展问题，并在促进核安全和核保安以及在核核查相关活动中提供独立和客观的咨询意见。2009 年，原子能机构特别重视协助成员国利用核技术满足能源需求，对气候变化关切做出响应，帮助确保粮食安全和获得清洁水以及加强卫生保健。以下概述 2009 年世界范围与核有关的发展以及这些发展如何影响原子能机构工作的情况。

核 技 术

核电、核燃料循环和可持续发展

核电的现状和趋势

2. 2009 年，对全球能源的需求和对核电的兴趣继续走高。有 11 座新核动力堆开工建设，这是 1987 年以来此类开工建设数量最多的一年。对未来核电增长的预期再次作了上调。例如，中国、印度和俄罗斯联邦都大幅提高了发展目标。但在这一年中，并网的新反应堆仅有两座，而退役的反应堆则有三座，全世界核电总装机容量连续第二年略有下降。随着立陶宛伊格纳林纳-2 号机组的关闭，拥有运行中核电厂国家的数量下降到 29 个。

3. 截至 2010 年 1 月 1 日，共有 437 座核动力堆在运行，总容量达到 370 吉瓦

（电）。在建的反应堆为 55 座，这是自 1992 年以来达到的最大数量。当前的扩展以及近期和远期的增长前景仍以亚洲为中心，其中相当重要的原因是该地区强劲的经济增长。在开工建设的 11 座反应堆中，有 10 座在亚洲，而在建的 55 座反应堆有 36 座以

及最近并网的 41 座新反应堆中有 30 座也在亚洲。

4. 2008 年下半年开始的全球金融危机被列为是影响世界一些地区推迟核项目开工的一个因素。但部分地由于各国政府、电力公司和供应商做出的越来越坚定的新反应堆建造承诺，原子能机构对其全球核电增长的低值和高值预测均上调了 8%。金融危机并未实质性地改变驱动对核电预期不断高涨的因素。具体而言，关键的推动因素依然是核电良好的实绩和安全记录，以及对气候变化、能源供应安全、高昂且波动的化石燃料价格和能源需求增长的持续关切。

     5.4 月，原子能机构在中国北京组织了“面向 21 世纪的核能部长级国际会议”。这次会议由中国政府主办，评估了核电的现状和前景，包括技术发展方面取得的进展， 并讨论了进一步扩大核电所需采取的行动。会议主义的最后声明指出：“大多数与会者尊重各国以符合各自国际义务的方式制订国家能源政策的权利，同时申明，核能作为一种得到证明、清洁、安全、有竞争力的技术，将对人类在整个 21 世纪及以后时期的可持续发展作出越来越大的贡献。”

启动核电计划

6. 随着许多国家特别是发展中国家表示有兴趣将核电纳入其能源结构，当前的国家政策均指向大幅度扩大利用核电。此外，已在运行核电厂的许多国家还计划扩大发电量。

  7.有 60 多个国家（大多在发展中世界）已通报原子能机构它们可能有兴趣启动核电计划。58 个成员国正在参加与引进核电有关的地区或国家技术合作项目。其中有 17 个国家正在制订国家核电计划，一个国家在年底选定了一座核电厂建造报价，还有一个国家正在建造其首座核电厂。成员国兴趣的增加已导致 2009－2011 年原子能机构技术合作周期与核电有关的技术合作项目数量增加了三倍（图 1）。原子能机构发起了一项新的综合核基础结构评审服务，以便对照原子能机构所制订的用于在成员国启动核电计划时对其提供指导的里程碑。  审查国家基础结构方面的需要。首批三个综合核基础结构评审工作组访问了印度尼西亚、约旦和越南。在原子能机构 11 月的一个讲习班上确定了新加入国与供应商界之间开展国际合作的机会，此外，还印发了关于核电厂筹资和关于执行新核电计划的业主和营运者的职责和能力的新出版物。