努纳武特目前几乎所有的电力都是由化石燃料产生的，这给努纳武特政府带来了巨大的开支，部分原因是通过一些以某种方式鼓励或支持化石燃料消费的计划。为了证明加拿大北极地区可再生能源的可行性，加拿大世界野生动物基金会（WWF Canada）委托IISD绘制了这些政策图，以便更好地理解努纳武特独特的能源系统。通过这一进程，确定了两类主要政策：第一，在努纳武特，一个与军火有关的政府机构，石油产品司负责采购、进口和分发领土上消耗的所有燃料。每年，PPD都被要求在运营中实现盈亏平衡，这意味着它应该以正确的价格将购买的燃料出售给nunavummuut，以防止出现任何结构性赤字或盈余，并相应地调整价格。从技术上讲，PPD出售的燃料不是补贴。 然而，GN与其他政府机构，如Qulliq电力公司（QEC）和Nunavut住房公司（NHC）一样，制定了一些计划和政策，对Nunavummiut的化石燃料消费进行补贴，主要用于供暖和供电，以帮助解决燃料和生活成本过高的问题。2012年至2016年间，保守估计发现，每年平均拨款6050万加元，用于支持Nunavummiut的化石燃料消耗，但有一点需要注意的是，一些政策可以确定，但无法量化。 在滑铁卢大学可持续能源研究所为加拿大世界自然基金会（WWF）编制的可再生能源部署研究（Das&Canizares，2016）的基础上，完成这项测绘工作，IISD，在未来20年（2016年至2036年）内，对五个Nunavummuut社区（Arviat、Baker Lake、Iqaluit、Rankin Inlet和Sanikiluaq）在三种不同情况下的发电成本进行了估算。首先，鉴于努纳武特目前100%的发电量来自柴油，国际可持续发展研究所根据Das&Canizares提供的当前和预计的能源消耗水平概述了年平均发电成本。其次，国际可持续发展研究所根据泛加拿大清洁增长和气候变化框架对努纳武特碳价格的实施进行了建模，该框架概述，随着碳税的实施，从2022年起，加拿大全国每吨温室气体排放将花费50加元。 第三，模拟了最后一种情景，在这种情景中，再渗透也会在每个社区减少温室气体排放，降低能源成本，前提是发电的碳成本也会降低。能源模型显示，在未来20年内，五个感兴趣的社区在可再生能源渗透方面协同努力，可将温室气体排放量减少26.17%至74.24%，潜在的相关碳成本也可减少同样多。总之，在努纳武特采用可再生能源的同时，如果采用某种形式的碳价格，只需减少领土的温室气体排放量，就可以降低发电成本。
Almost all of Nunavut’s electricity is currently generated from fossil fuels, resulting in great expenses for the Government of Nunavut (GN), in part through a number of programs that incentivize or support the consumption of fossil fuels in one way or another. As part of its ongoing effort to demonstrate the viability of renewable energy in the Canadian Arctic, World Wildlife Fund Canada (WWF-Canada) commissioned IISD to map these policies, in order to better comprehend Nunavut’s unique energy system. Through that process, two main categories of policies were identified: first, in Nunavut, an arms-length government agency, the Petroleum Products Division (PPD) is responsible for purchasing, importing and distributing all of the fuel consumed in the territory. Every year, the PPD is mandated to break even in its operations, meaning that it should sell the fuel it purchases to Nunavummiut at the correct price to prevent any structural deficit or surplus and adjust its prices over time accordingly. Technically, the fuel sold by the PPD is not a subsidy. However, the GN, along with other arms-length government agencies such as the Qulliq Power Corporation (QEC) and the Nunavut Housing Corporation (NHC), has programs and policies in place that do subsidize fossil fuel consumption by Nunavummiut, primarily for heating and electricity purposes to assist with high fuel and living costs. Between 2012 and 2016, conservative estimates find that an annual average of CAD 60.5 million was allocated as support to Nunavummiut for their fossil fuel consumption, with the caveat that some policies could be identified, yet impossible to quantify. With this mapping exercise complete, IISD, building on a renewable energy deployment study prepared for WWF-Canada by the University of Waterloo Institute of Sustainable Energy (Das & Canizares, 2016), estimated the cost of electricity generation in Nunavut over the next 20 years (2016–2036) under three different scenarios for five Nunavummiut communities: Arviat, Baker Lake, Iqaluit, Rankin Inlet and Sanikiluaq. First, IISD outlined the average annual electricity generation costs based on current and projected levels of energy consumption provided by Das & Canizares, given that 100 per cent of electricity generation in Nunavut currently comes from diesel fuel. Second, IISD modelled the implementation of a carbon price in Nunavut based on the Pan-Canadian Framework for Clean Growth and Climate Change, which outlines that with the implementation of a carbon tax, from 2022 each tonne of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions across Canada would cost CAD 50. Third, a last scenario was modelled in which the RE penetration would also bring about GHG emissions reduction in each community, bringing down the energy costs provided that the carbon cost of electricity generation would also be reduced. Energy modelling shows that a concerted effort at renewable energy penetration could reduce GHG emissions by between 26.17 per cent and 74.24 per cent in the five communities of interest over the next two decades, and the potential associated carbon costs by as much. In conclusion, adopting RE in Nunavut may be accompanied by a reduction in the cost of electricity generation simply by reducing the GHG emissions of the territory if some form of carbon price were adopted.
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