1. The international atomic energy agency (iaea), as a multidisciplinary organization, through a balanced approach to include energy security, human health and food security, water resources management, nuclear safety and nuclear security and nonproliferation, global challenges associated with nuclear technology for implementing the "seek to accelerate and expand atomic energy contribution to the world peace, health and prosperity" of legal targets.  Nuclear technology 2. Iaea promotes the exchange of nuclear information and knowledge in the field of nuclear technology, carries out capacity-building and transfers technology to member states, mainly through technical cooperation programmes, with the aim of promoting, upon request, the use of nuclear science and related technologies in order to meet the socio-economic needs of member states in a safe, reliable and sustainable manner. Nuclear powerStatus and trend of nuclear power and expected growth3. By the end of 2011, there were 435 power reactors in operation with a total capacity of 369 gigawatts (gw), down 2% from the beginning of the year.The reduction is due to the permanent retirement of 13 reactors.Twelve of the 13 reactors, four at fukushima daiichi, eight in Germany and one permanently retired in Britain, were retired as a result of the Tokyo electric power company's fukushima daiichi plant accident.Seven new reactors were added to the grid, up from five in 2010, two in 2009 and zero in 2008.The fukushima daiichi accident has slowed but not reversed the expansion of nuclear power.The agency's post-accident forecast for global nuclear capacity in 2030 is 7-8% lower than its pre-accident forecast.Installed capacity is currently projected to grow to 501 gigawatts (gw) in the low-value forecast and 746 gw in the high-value forecast by 2030.In the low estimates, the number of reactors in operation is expected to increase by about 90 by 2030.Most of the growth is likely to take place in countries that already have nuclear plants in service, with Asian member states and the Russian federation expected to be at the centre of the expansion.Of the 64 new power reactors under construction at the end of 2011, 26 were in China, 10 in the Russian federation, six in India and five in the republic of Korea.But some countries, such as Germany, have decided to phase out and stop using nuclear power.Other countries such as Belgium, Italy and Switzerland have reassessed their nuclear programs.A number of other countries, such as Austria, Denmark, Greece and New Zealand, continued to exclude nuclear power programmes.The iaea provides support to nuclear plants in transit6. In the wake of the fukushima daiichi nuclear power plant accident, long-term operational assessment has increased the emphasis on design review, storage facilities and serious incident management.Atomic energy agency (iaea) expanded its operation scope of guidance and assistance for a long time, and launched an annual "BBS" industrial co-operation, the BBS Suggestions to strengthen the cooperation with electric power company, to increase the operation of the organization and have experience in nuclear power countries are introducing the interaction between the operating organizations of nuclear power countries, a more effective communication, and expand the scope of the spread of best practice.Commencement of nuclear programme7. Nuclear power remains an important option for some countries and interest in it remains high.Among the non-nuclear countries that had been adamant about going ahead with plans before the fukushima daiichi accident, a few cancelled or revised their plans, while others adopted a "wait and see" attitude, but most went ahead with plans to introduce nuclear power.In the iaea's projections, between seven and 20 new entrants are expected to have their first reactors on the grid by 2030.8. Some countries that have been firmly committed to nuclear power have continued to implement their plans and have incorporated into their plans lessons learned from the fukushima daiichi accident.Turkey and the united Arab emirates (uae) made progress in 2011 with the cooperation of suppliers.Belarus has signed a contract with the Russian federation for the construction of two reactors.Bangladesh signed an intergovernmental agreement with the Russian federation to build two 1,000-megawatt reactors, while Vietnam signed a loan agreement with the Russian federation to finance its first nuclear power plant.9. Iaea has increased its assistance, particularly to organizations of new owners/operators in member states, while continuing to provide a wide range of support services, including guidelines, standards, technical assistance, accreditation services, training, capacity-building and knowledge networks.In addition, iaea has conducted "integrated nuclear infrastructure review" working group visits in Bangladesh and the united Arab emirates.Energy assessment service10. Iaea has helped interested member states build their capacity for national energy assessment and planning through the provision of expert training and the transfer of computer models and data.Demand for these services continues to grow, with more than 125 member states currently using iaea analytical tools.In 2011, the agency trained more than 600 energy analysts and planners from 67 countries in the use of these tools.Network-based electronic training is regularly conducted to complement traditional face-to-face training.Capacity building11. The preservation and management of nuclear knowledge is a high priority for many member states.In 2011, iaea conducted "knowledge management assistance visits" and workshops in Armenia, belarus, Bulgaria, China, kazakhstan, the republic of Korea, the Russian federation, Ukraine, the united Arab emirates, the United States and Viet nam.The purpose of these visits and workshops is to raise awareness of the importance of knowledge management in the day-to-day functioning of the nuclear organization and to help managers identify staff positions that are most important in terms of knowledge, using methods developed by iaea.In cooperation with the abdus salam international centre for theoretical physics in trieste, Italy, iaea organized the second short course on nuclear energy management and the seventh short course on nuclear knowledge management.

1. 国际原子能机构作为一个多学科组织，通过以均衡的方式处理包括能源安全、人体健康和粮食安全、水资源管理、核安全和核安保以及防扩散在内的与核技术有关的全球性挑战寻求实现其“谋求加速和扩大原子能对全世界和平、健康及繁荣的贡献” 之法定目标。

核 技 术

2. 原子能机构在核技术领域促进核信息和核知识的交流，开展能力建设，并主要通过技术合作计划向成员国转让技术，目的是应请求促进核科学和相关技术的利用，以便以安全、可靠和可持续的方式满足成员国的社会经济需求。

核电

核电的状况和趋势及预期增长

3. 截至 2011 年底，共有 435 座动力堆在运行，总容量达到 369 吉瓦（电），比年初时减少了 2%。减少的原因是有 13 座反应堆永久退休。这 13 座反应堆中的 12 座是由于东京电力公司福岛第一核电站事故（下称“福岛第一核电站事故”）而退休，其中的四座在福岛第一核电站，八座在德国，另一座永久退休的反应堆是英国的一个老旧反应堆。有七座新反应堆并入电网，与 2010 年的五座新反应堆、2009 年的两座和 2008 年的零座相比，数量有所增加。

4. 福岛第一核电站事故导致减缓但并未逆转核电的扩大趋势。原子能机构在事故后对 2030 年全球核电装机容量的预测比事故前的预测低了 7－8%。目前预计装机容量到2030 年将增长到低值预测的 501 吉瓦（电）和高值预测的 746 吉瓦（电）。在低值预测中，在运核反应堆的数量预计到 2030 年将增加约 90 座。大部分的增长可能发生在已拥有在运核电厂的国家，亚洲成员国以及俄罗斯联邦预计将是核电扩大的中心。在2011 年底正在建造的 64 座新动力堆中，有 26 座在中国，10 座在俄罗斯联邦，6 座在印度，5 座在大韩民国。但德国等一些国家则决定逐步淘汰和停止利用核电。

5. 其他国家如比利时、意大利和瑞士已经重新评价了它们的核计划。另外若干国家如奥地利、丹麦、希腊和新西兰继续将核电方案排除在外。

原子能机构对在运核电厂提供支持

6. 在福岛第一核电站事故后，长期运行评定加强了对设计审查、仓储设备和严重事故管理的重视。原子能机构扩大了其对长期运行的指导和援助范围，并发起了一个年度“工业合作论坛”，该论坛建议加强与电力公司的合作，增加拥有核电领域经验国家的营运组织与正在引进核电国家的营运组织之间的互动，进行更有效的交流以及扩大最佳运行实践的传播范围。

启动核电计划

7. 核电对有些国家仍然是一个重要选择，对核电的兴趣也依然高涨。在福岛第一核电站事故前曾坚定地表示打算着手发展核电计划的无核电国家中，有几个国家取消或修订了计划，其他国家则采取了“等等看”的态度，但大多数国家继续实施引进核电的计划。在原子能机构的预测中，在 2030 年前将有 7－20 个新加入国可望将其首座反应堆并入电网。

8. 一些一直坚定致力于核电的国家继续实施其计划，并将从福岛第一核电站事故中汲取的教训纳入到它们的计划中。土耳其和阿拉伯联合酋长国（阿联酋）2011 年在供应商的合作下取得了进展。白俄罗斯与俄罗斯联邦签署了建造两座反应堆的合同。孟加拉国与俄罗斯联邦签署了建造两座 1000 兆瓦（电）反应堆的政府间协定，越南则与俄罗斯联邦签署了其首座核电厂的融资贷款协定。

9. 原子能机构增加了特别是对成员国新业主/营运者组织的援助，同时继续提供广泛的支助服务，包括导则、标准、技术援助、评审服务、培训、能力建设和知识网络。此外，原子能机构还在孟加拉国和阿联酋开展了“综合核基础结构评审”工作组访问。

能源评定服务

10. 原子能机构通过提供专家培训和转让计算机模型和数据帮助感兴趣的成员国建设其进行国家能源评定和规划的能力。对这些服务的需求继续增加，目前有 125 个以上的成员国使用原子能机构的分析工具。2011 年，原子能机构对来自 67 个国家的 600 多名能源分析人员和规划人员进行了使用这些工具的培训。定期举办了网基电子培训， 以作为对传统的面对面培训的补充。

能力建设

11. 核知识的保存和管理是许多成员国的一个高度优先事项。2011 年，原子能机构在亚美尼亚、白俄罗斯、保加利亚、中国、哈萨克斯坦、大韩民国、俄罗斯联邦、乌克兰、阿联酋、美国和越南开展了“知识管理援助访问”和举办了讲习班。这些访问和讲习班的目的是提高对知识管理在核组织日常运作中的重要性的认识，以及帮助管理人员利用原子能机构开发的方法确定就知识而言最为重要的工作人员岗位。原子能机构与意大利的里雅斯特阿布杜斯萨拉姆国际理论物理中心（国际理论物理中心）合作举办了第二期核能管理短训班和第七期核知识管理短训班。