供应链、港口基础设施和物流研究SUPPLY CHAIN, PORT INFRASTRUCTURE AND LOGISTICS STUDY

1.1导言本报告解决了以下问题：“如何准备国家电力系统连接古吉拉特邦和泰米尔纳德邦的海上风电项目”针对这一多方面的问题，本报告的结构分为以下小节和子目标：1。政策和行业背景-为报告提供背景，并概述制定建议的环境。2。陆上电网开发-解决为整合古吉拉特邦和泰米尔纳德邦的海上风电项目而准备实际陆上电网所需的步骤。三。海上电网开发-考虑促进古吉拉特邦和泰米尔纳德邦海上风电项目整合的（新）海上电网开发所需的条件。四。系统运行-评估有关国家将如何确保稳定的系统运行，增加海上风能和其他可再生能源（RES）的渗透。5个。技术和法规代码-审查现有的一套最相关的代码，以确保它们适合开发海上风力发电项目。1.2背景印度可再生能源的增长受到对当地空气污染、国际气候承诺、能源安全需求和可再生能源价格下跌的担忧的推动。2007年至2016年，并网可再生能源的复合年增长率（CAGR）为21.8%。然而，海上风电仍然是一种重要的未开发资源，可以为印度电力进一步脱碳做出重要贡献。海上风电项目不面临土地收购的问题，与陆上风电相比，海上风电项目通常具有更高的容量因数，与太阳能光伏发电具有协同效应。1.3陆上电网开发及时开发足够的陆上输电基础设施对于连接海上风力发电机和从海上撤离电力至关重要。在州内和州际两级审查电网发展情况，以评估电力系统通过州内系统将海上风电疏散至州内各需求中心和州外其他需求中心的能力。本报告进一步调查了古吉拉特邦和泰米尔纳德邦绿色能源走廊（GEC）项目的相关性及其对进一步可再生能源整合，特别是海上风电整合的重要性。古吉拉特邦能源传输有限公司（GETCO）和泰米尔纳德邦发电和配电有限公司（TANGEDCO）分别于2021-22年对古吉拉特邦和泰米尔纳德邦的500兆瓦海上风电进行了电力疏散研究。这些研究结果表明，陆上电网基础设施应足以疏散海上风电大部分时间。GETCO研究报告中指出的一个问题是，在需求大幅下降的非高峰条件下，海上风力发电削减是必要的。在这种情况下，电力应通过各种国家间输电走廊输出到国家以外。另一方面，TANGEDCO的研究强调了及时开发陆上电网的要求，以确保陆上电网连接和拟议海上风力发电的电力疏散。

1.1 Introduction This report addresses the following question: “How to prepare the state power systems to connect offshore wind projects in Gujarat and Tamil Nadu” In response to this multi-faceted question, the report has been structured in the following subsections  and sub-objectives: 1. Policy and Industry Background - To provide context to the report, and outline the  environment under which the recommendations have been developed. 2. Onshore Grid Development - To address the steps necessary to prepare the physical onshore  grid for integration of offshore wind projects in Gujarat and Tamil Nadu. 3. Offshore Grid Development - To consider what is required to facilitate (new) offshore grid  development for the integration of offshore wind projects in Gujarat and Tamil Nadu. 4. System Operation - To evaluate how the states in question will ensure stable system operation  with increasing penetration of offshore wind and other Renewable Energy Sources (RES). 5. Technical and Regulatory Codes - To review the existing suite of the most relevant codes to  ensure that they are suitable for development of offshore wind projects. 1.2 Background The growth of renewables in India has been driven by concerns over local air pollution, international  climate commitments, need for energy security and the falling prices of RES. From 2007 to 2016 gridconnected Renewable Energy Sources (RES) had a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 21.8%.  However, offshore wind remains an important untapped resource that can make an important  contribution to further decarbonising India’s electricity. Offshore wind projects do not face the issues around land acquisition, typically deliver higher capacity factors compared to onshore wind are  synergistic with solar PV generation.  1.3 Onshore Grid Development The timely development of adequate onshore transmission infrastructure is essential for connection of  offshore wind generators and power evacuation from them. The grid developments are reviewed in intrastate and inter-state level to assess the capability of the power system to evacuate offshore wind power  to various demand centres within the state via its intra-state system and to other demand centres  outside the state. This report further investigates the relevance of the Green Energy Corridor (GEC)  project and its importance to further renewable integration, especially offshore wind integration, in  Gujarat and Tamil Nadu.  Gujarat Energy Transmission Corporation Limited (GETCO) and Tamil Nadu Generation and Distribution  Corporation Limited (TANGEDCO) conducted power evacuation studies for integrating 500 MW of  offshore wind in Gujarat and Tamil Nadu respectively by 2021-22. These study results indicate that the  onshore grid infrastructure shall be adequate to evacuate offshore wind power most of the time. One of  the concerns indicated in GETCO study is that offshore wind generation curtailment shall be necessary in  off-peak conditions when the demand falls substantially. Under such circumstances, the power shall be  exported outside the state via various inter-state transmission corridors. On the other hand, the TANGEDCO study emphasises the requirement of timely onshore grid development to secure onshore  grid connectivity and power evacuation for the proposed offshore wind generation.