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墨西哥能源改革Mexican Energy Reform

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  • 更新时间:2021-09-18
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墨西哥的能源改革提供了一个历史性的机会,以振兴其病态的能源部门和支持整体经济。墨西哥资产将不会私有化,但该国庞大的石油资源,包括离岸和非常规领域,将向国际公司开放。尽管如此,改革的许多重要、具体细节仍有待解决。墨西哥国家石油公司将放弃其垄断地位,但仍将是石油行业的主导者。近海深水区在国外引起了轰动,北部和奇孔特佩克地区的非常规开发潜力也同样巨大。这些领域的发展将得益于国际石油公司的技术专长和雄厚财力。 国会委员会正在讨论重要的二级和授权法律,政府希望在6月底前通过这些法律。鉴于这些法律的长期重要性及其复杂性,更深入的审查是可取的。这项拟议立法更详细地说明了结构变化,为油气和电力部门的政策和战略发展奠定了基础。目前的讨论正在国会特别会议上进行。留出时间进行更充分的讨论可能会将最后核准推迟到夏季,但可以在9月初的下一届常会之前完成。 过去10年,石油产量急剧下降,国内生产总值增长乏力,正推动着开放能源部门的必要性。国内生产总值增长率从1950年至1980年的6.4%下降到1980年至2010年的2.4%。自2004以来,墨西哥石油产量每天暴跌超过100万桶,同时由于加拿大坎特雷尔油田的下降,墨西哥将面临来自海湾沿岸的加拿大重油的日益激烈的竞争,这可能会使玛雅原油以折扣价出售给亚洲。中期内,雄心勃勃的300万桶/日的政府生产增长目标将难以实现,更可能的情况是,生产将保持平稳。离岸和非常规开发提供了实现增长的长期解决方案。

Mexico’s energy reforms provide a historic opportunity to revitalize its ailing energy sector and bolster the overall economy. No Mexican assets will be privatized, but the nation’s vast oil resources, including offshore and unconventional fields, will be opened to international companies. Still, many important, specific details of the reforms have yet to be addressed. Pemex will give up its monopoly status but will remain the dominant player in the oil sector. Offshore deepwater areas have generated excitement abroad, as has the potential for unconventional development in the north and in the Chicontepec region. Development of these areas will benefit from the technological expertise and deep pockets of international oil companies. Important secondary and enabling laws are being discussed in congressional committees now, and the government wants them approved by end-June. Given the long-term importance of these laws and their complexity, a deeper review would be preferable. This proposed legislation gives greater detail to structural changes and sets the stage for policy and strategy developments in the hydrocarbon and power sectors. Current discussions are taking place in an extraordinary congressional session. Allowing time for a fuller discussion might delay final approval into the summer, but it could be done before the next ordinary session at the beginning of September. Steep drops in oil production over the past 10 years and weak GDP growth are driving the need to open up the energy sector. GDP growth has declined from 6.4 percent in the period from 1950 to 1980 to 2.4 percent between 1980 and 2010. Mexican oil production has slumped by over 1 million barrels per day since 2004, driven by decline in the giant Cantarell field At the same time, Mexico will face increasing competition from Canadian heavy oil in the U.S. Gulf Coast, which could it to market Maya crude to Asia at a discount. Ambitious government production growth targets of 3 million bpd in the medium-term will be difficult to achieve, and the more likely scenario is that production will remain flat. Offshore and unconventional developments offer longer-term solutions to achieve growth.

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