The properties of aluminosilicate kalsilite have attracted the interest of researchers in chemical synthesis, ceramic industry, biofu-els, etc. In this study, kalsilite was hydrothermally synthesized from microcline powder in a KOH solution. The microcline powder, rich in potassium, aluminum, and silicon, was collected from Mountain Changling in Northwestern China. The effects of temperature, time, and KOH concentration on the decomposition of microcline were investigated. The kalsilite and intermediate products were characterized by means of wet chemistry analysis, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), infrared spectrometry (IR), 29Si magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic reso-nance (29Si MAS NMR), 27Al MAS NMR, and scanning electron microscope (SEM). With increasing temperature, the microcline powder transforms into a metastable KAlSiO4 polymorph before transforming further into pure kalsilite. A mixture of both kalsilite and metastable KAlSiO4 polymorph is obtained when the hydrothermal reaction is carried out within 2 h;but after 2 h, kalsilite is the predominant product. The concentration of KOH, which needs to be larger than 4.3 M, is an important parameter influencing the synthesis of kalsilite....
The complex fluoride LiBaF3 is solvothermally synthesized at 180℃ and characterized by means of X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and infrared spectroscopy. In the solvothermal process, the solvents, mole ratios of initial mixtures and reaction temperature play important roles in the growth of the single crystal....
Pyrite nickel disulfide and millerite nickel monosulfide have been successfully prepared by solvothermal method based on the reaction of Ni(NO3)2.6H2O and H2NC(S)NH2 in benzene and ethylenediamine (EDA). The final products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effects of the solvent, reaction temperature and time on the morphology and phase of the products have been discussed....
A clean and environmentally friendly new process for synthesis of zeolite with MFI structure was presented. This process through recycling of vented gas and mother liquor can reduce or avoid discharge of nitrogen-containing offgas and waste liquid without affecting the physical and chemical properties of synthetic zeolite, leading to green synthesis of zeolite. This process can help to cut corners on production cost to achieve the sustainable development....
In this paper,an axial dispersion mathematical model is developed to simulate a three-phase slurry bubble column reactor for direct synthesis of dimethyl ether (DME) from syngas.This large-scale reactor is modeled using mass and energy balances,catalyst sedimentation and single-bubble as well as two-bubbles class flow hydrodynamics.A comparison between the two hydrodynamic models through pilot plant experimental data from the literature shows that heterogeneous two-bubbles flow model is in better agreement with the experimental data than homogeneous single-bubble gas flow model.Also,by investigating the heterogeneous gas flow and axial dispersion model for small bubbles as well as the large bubbles and slurry (i.e.including paraffins and the catalyst) phase,the temperature profile along the reactor is obtained.A comparison between isothermal and non-isothermal reactors reveals no obvious performance difference between them.The optimum values of reactor diameter and height were obtained at 7 m and 50 m,respectively.The effects of operating variables on the axial catalyst distribution,DME productivity and CO conversion are also investigated in this research....
A brief review of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis specially in slurry reactors ispresented,
covering reaction kinetics, activity and selectivity of catalysts, productdistribution, effects of process
parameters, mass transfer and solubility of gas. Someimportant aspects of further research are
proposed for improving both theories andproduction....
A general, simple and economic synthetic method for synthesizing carbon nanofibers was presented. In the method, ethanol was employed as carbon source; metal salts such as nickel nitrate, ferric nitrate and ferric chloride were used as catalyst precursor respectively; copper plate was employed as the support material. A lot of products were obtained by catalytic combustion deposition of ethanol vapor. Then the as-prepared carbon nanofibers were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy and selected-area electron diffractometry. By analyzing the results of characterization, the conclusions are as follows: 1) the large catalyst particles tend to formlarge-diameter CNFs, small catalyst particles are inclinable to form small-diameter CNFs; 2) the morphology of the catalyst can affect the final morphology of the CNFs. Moreover, the possible growth mechanisms were proposed and the degree of graphitization of samples was estimated by Raman spectroscopy characterization....
A novel process for catalytic oxidation of methane to synthesis gas (syngas), which consists of twoconsecutive fixed-bed reactors with air introduced into the reactors, integrated Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, was inves-tigated. At the same time, a catalytic combustion technology has been investigated for utilizing the F-T offgas togenerate heat or power energy. The results show that the two-stage fixed reactor process keep away from explosionof CH4/O2. The integrated process is fitted to produce diesel oil and lubricating oil in remote gas field....
